Many women have no symptoms at all, and about one-third of menstruating women have an ovarian cyst at any given time. Another type of ovarian cyst, a benign tumor , grows slowly and, in rare cases, may become cancerous. Women with a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS often have multiple follicular cysts. PCOS is a syndrome that causes hormone imbalances. Some women with PCOS do not ovulate or only ovulate rarely.
Sometimes a cyst grows so large that it twists the ovary. This can damage the ovary or fallopian tube, or even cause life-threatening bleeding. This type of cyst requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage to the ovary. Sometimes, a surgeon may have to remove the ovary if it is too damaged. Unless a cyst is very large or growing rapidly, a doctor will usually advise watchful waiting.
This means waiting to see if the cyst goes away without treatment. A doctor may perform several ultrasounds over a few months to monitor the cyst and ensure it disappears or does not grow larger. Home treatment cannot make the cyst disappear.
Instead, the goal is to treat any symptoms and manage pain. For example, many women with ovarian cysts experience more significant pain during their periods, so home ovarian cyst treatment often focuses on managing period pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs , such as ibuprofen, can treat the pain caused by ovarian cysts, as well as period cramps. Women who get no relief from NSAIDs should contact their doctor, since intense pain may point to a severe complication.
In some cases, a doctor may prescribe different pain medication, such as co-codamol, which contains codeine. The pain of an ovarian cyst can cause the surrounding muscles to tense up. This can be particularly uncomfortable during a period. Massaging the lower back, thighs, buttocks, and stomach can help loosen tense muscles and reduce pain.
Exercise and stretching can also help ease pain linked to ovarian cysts. It can also help with muscle tension. If you are postmenopausal, there is a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer.
Regular ultrasound scans and blood tests are usually recommended over the course of a year to monitor the cyst. Surgical treatment to remove the cysts may be needed if they're large, causing symptoms or potentially cancerous. Ovarian cysts do not usually prevent you getting pregnant, although they can sometimes make it harder to conceive.
If you need an operation to remove your cysts, your surgeon will aim to preserve your fertility whenever possible. This may mean removing just the cyst and leaving the ovaries intact, or only removing 1 ovary. In some cases, surgery to remove both your ovaries may be necessary, in which case you'll no longer produce any eggs. Make sure you talk to your surgeon about the potential effects on your fertility before your operation.
This video explores the symptoms ovarian cysts can cause, the long-term effects, and the treatment options. A regular cyst is a simple fluid-filled sac. A complex cyst may have solid areas, bumps on the surface, or several areas filled with fluid.
Many women have functional ovarian cysts. Most of these are not complex. A ruptured cyst that is not complex can be treated with pain medicine. You may be told to watch your symptoms over time. In some cases, you may need to have follow-up ultrasound tests. You may not need any other treatment. If you have a complex ruptured ovarian cyst, you may need care in the hospital. Your treatment may include:.
If you need surgery, your provider may use a minimally invasive method. This is called a laparoscopy. The provider makes small cuts incisions in your belly while you are under anesthesia.
A tiny lighted camera and other small tools are put through these incisions. The provider controls the bleeding and removes any blood clots or fluid.
The tools are then removed. The incisions are closed and bandaged. If the provider does not use laparoscopy, the surgery will be done with larger incisions. If your ruptured ovarian cyst is not complex, you will likely continue your care at home. You can use pain medicines as needed. Your pain should go away in a few days. Let your provider know right away if you your pain gets worse, if you feel dizzy, or have new symptoms. Follow up with your provider if you need imaging or blood tests.
If you have a complex ruptured ovarian cyst, you may need to stay in the hospital for 1 or more days. If your cyst is no longer bleeding, you may be able to go home. You may need follow-up imaging tests to make sure that your bleeding has stopped and to see if the cyst needs surgery to rule out cancer.
If you had surgery, you will be told how to care for your wound and bandage. You may need to limit your physical activity for a while. Your healthcare team will give you more information. In rare cases, a ruptured ovarian cyst is caused by cancer. This will need careful follow-up treatment from a doctor who specializes in cancer care. You may need surgery and other therapies. Surgery to remove the cyst may be needed if cancer is suspected, if the cyst does not go away, or if it causes symptoms.
In many cases it can be taken out without damaging the ovary, but sometimes the ovary has to be removed. In rare cases an ovarian cyst may be drained during laparoscopy.
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