Instead, the details need to be laid before the audience so that they can make an educated decision or learn about a subject they are interested in.
Transferring Information : In an informative speech, how the information is presented will determine how the audience receives it. However, it is important for the speaker to think about how this information will be presented. An informative speech should rely less on pathos, which is an appeal to the emotions of the audience and an important component of persuasive speeches. Instead, an informative speech might rely on visual aids, for example, in order to give the audience a visual representation of important information contained in the speech.
Providing the information in multiple forms during the speech increases the likelihood that the audience will retain the information included in the speech.
The four types of informative speeches are definition, explanatory, descriptive, and demonstrative. An informative speech is one that informs the audience. However, as should be clear, this general definition demonstrates that there are many ways to inform an audience. Therefore, there are several types of informative speeches. The main types of informative speeches include definition, descriptive, explanatory, and demonstrative. A definition speech explains the meaning, theory, or philosophy of a specific topic that the audience likely does not know much about.
The topics may be general, such as a sport, or highly specific, like a particular person. The main goal of this speech is to educate the audience so that they understand the main points regarding this subject. A demonstration speech explains how to do something. If you have ever sat through a lecture where a teacher explained how to create a bibliography, then you have heard a demonstration speech.
Like most informative speeches, a how-to speech will likely use visual examples that show the audience how to move from step to step through a particular activity.
Visualizations help the audience retain what each step looks like, increasing the likelihood that they will retain the overall information of the speech. An explanatory speech might give a description of the state of a given topic. As an example, consider the types of speeches that are given at industry conferences. The goal of these speeches is for the speaker to inform the audience on a particular part of an industry. Commonly, these will also utilize visualizations that give the audience a visual representation of the particular data or statistics contained in the speech.
This is one way to condense highly complex information into an easily retainable package for the audience. An archaeologist who has discovered a new temple in South America or a paleontologist who believes they have found a new dinosaur may use a descriptive speech to inform an interested audience about their recent discoveries. As all of these types make clear, there are many ways that a given set of information can be communicated in a speech.
Exposition means a public exhibition or display, often expressing a complex topic in a way that makes the relationships and content clear. The goal is to communicate the topic and content to your audience in ways that illustrate, explain, and reinforce the overall content to make your topic more accessible to the audience. The audience wants to learn about your topic and may have some knowledge on it as you do.
It is your responsibility to consider ways to display the information effectively. Interpretation involves adapting the information to communicate a message, perspective, or agenda.
Your insights and attitudes will guide your selection of material, what you focus on, and what you delete choosing what not to present to the audience. Your interpretation will involve personal bias. Bias is an unreasoned or not-well-thought-out judgment. Bias involves beliefs or ideas held on the basis of conviction rather than current evidence.
Which is the better, cheapest, most expensive, or the middle-priced product? We take mental shortcuts all day long, but in our speech to inform, we have to be careful not to reinforce bias. Clearly no one can be completely objective and remove themselves from their own perceptual process. People express themselves and naturally relate what is happening now to what has happened to them in the past.
You are your own artist, but you also control your creations. Objectivity involves expressions and perceptions of facts that are free from distortion by your prejudices, bias, feelings or interpretations. For example, is the post office box blue?
An audience of lay people might not be so fluent in the language of biomedical engineering, and so basic concepts like this will have to be explained. Never presume that an audience has a thorough background in the subject.
Use appropriate language. What are the norms for speaking style for the audience? If they expect lots of jargon and specialized language, the speech should be peppered with such language or else the audience will feel like they are being talked down to. If the audience is unfamiliar with these technical terms, avoid using them or introduce them with an explanation of what they mean. Explain the importance of the topic.
Why should the audience listen? Will this information improve their lives in some meaningful way? Especially with a captive--involuntary--audience, a speaker must establish a connection between their topic and the interests of the audience. Express interest in the subject material.
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